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| Solar Charge controllers are the devices used to regulate the flow of volts and amps being pushed into a battery or battery bank from a solar panel, windmill. Or other sources of electrical energy generation. |
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| PWM (pulse width modulation) in some charge controllers have been known to create radio noise but helps to remove buildup on the plates in a battery extending a battery’s life. Charge controllers are engineered to keep you from damaging your batteries. This is done by adjusting the power from the source based on how much power is required to bring the batteries up to full charge. The first step is the bulk charge, in wet cell lead acid batteries it will allow enough power through to bring the voltage up to a set voltage. This will keep the acid water mix bubbling and hold at this level for a set amount of time which is called the absorb stage. The absorb stage is a tapered charge which the solar energy controller will slowly taper down the amps as the battery reaches full charge not allowing the battery to go over the bulk voltage limits. Then the charge controller will auto switch to the float charge, which is a lower voltage closer to the nominal battery voltage. During this stage as you use more power from the batteries the unit will adjust the input amps up and down to hold this float voltage. EQ (Equalize) is only used on wet cell batteries and is normally 1 volt higher then the bulk charge voltage. Read your battery and solar controllers instructions before EQing your battery. |
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| Solar Chargers come in many types for many usage’s. The MPPT ( maximum power point tracking ) is known for the ability to down convert voltage while up converting the amps to give you as much as 30% more power from a solar array that is normally lost when using a common charge controller. |
Solar Energy Charge Controllers MPPT and PWM General Information |
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02-09-08
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